Understanding minimally invasive spine surgery
Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) uses smaller incisions and specialised instruments or imaging to reach the spine. The aim is to limit disruption to the surrounding muscles. The technique and incision size depend on the operation and the patient.
Potential benefits
Compared with an open approach, MISS may offer the following benefits in suitable patients. Outcomes vary, and all surgery carries risks.
- Smaller scars.
- A lower risk of infection.
- Less blood loss and postoperative pain.
- A shorter hospital stay.
- A quicker recovery and return to work or everyday activities.
How the procedure works
The surgeon makes small incisions and inserts dilators and tubular retractors to move the muscles aside and create a working channel to the spine. This approach aims to reduce damage to muscles and soft tissues and limit blood loss.
An endoscope may provide images on a monitor, or a surgical microscope may magnify the area. The surgeon passes specialised instruments through the working channel. When the instruments are removed, the tissues return to position and the incision is closed and dressed.
When this approach may be considered
MISS may be considered for selected patients with:
- Cervical or lumbar herniated discs.
- Degenerative scoliosis.
- Cervical or lumbar spinal stenosis and lateral recess stenosis.
- Spondylolisthesis.





